Large Metal Washer With Small Hole

Large Metal Washer With Small Hole metal washers are often called high load-bearing conversion washers in engineering practice. Its typical specifications include a model with an outer diameter of 50 mm, an inner diameter of only 6 mm, and a thickness of 5 mm. The effective load-bearing area is nearly seven times higher than that of standard flat washers with the same inner diameter. This design is directly derived from the stress distribution requirements of large diameter-to-thickness ratio washers in the DIN 434 standard. The small holes are not designed to pass through thick bolts, but are used to match fine-thread screws or positioning pins to evenly spread the preload force originally concentrated in small-diameter areas to large-area thin-walled workpieces or soft material surfaces through the rigid plane of the washer body, thereby avoiding crushing or deformation. In practical applications, this type of gasket is often used in composite material connection nodes or aluminum alloy frame structures. The ratio of its outer diameter to inner diameter exceeds eight to one, which can significantly reduce the contact surface pressure to less than 15% of the original value.

However, the assembly challenges posed by small holes cannot be ignored. Due to the limited diameter of the inner hole, the alignment accuracy of bolts or pins is extremely high. If the deviation exceeds 0.2 mm, it may cause the gasket to become stuck or unbalanced, causing local stress concentration. According to the test data in the ISO 7093 standard, when this type of gasket operates under a preload of 80,000 N, the peak radial compressive stress at the edge of the inner hole can reach 340 MPa, which is close to the yield limit of ordinary carbon steel. Therefore, quenching and tempering or surface carburizing processes are often required during manufacturing to improve the wear resistance and plastic deformation resistance of the inner hole wall. At the same time, the larger outer diameter also increases the area of ​​the friction pair. In a vibration environment, this type of washer is used with anti-loosening rubber or disc springs to effectively maintain torque stability. Its loosening fatigue life can be approximately twice longer than that of conventional washers, making it an indispensable transitional connection element in heavy machinery equipment.

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